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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all the files that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by Visit This Link encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.